Flood Risk Engineering Term Paper - 3300 Words

Flood Risk Engineering (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Course:Professor:Date:Flood Risk EngineeringIntroduction Management of water is one of the key elements in building, regeneration of urban projects in maximizing the potential of the developments. This is supposed to maintain an environment which is sustainable and effective for various developments. Management of flood risks is a vital event in every profile of any country at present. The impact of the risk was observed back in 2007 in the UK, and the effect brought a lot of impact especially those of tsunamis which have been affecting nations (Molden, 2007). Engineers have to work with other specialists in essence of realizing diverse and complex projects of flood risking. They are trained in doing Flood Risk Assessments (FRAs) in planning applications in which flood risks and water drainage issues are solved.Engineers apply strategic water assessments in outstanding urban and rural regeneration schemes that are sited on the flood plain lands. The Environment A gencies and the authorities of planning to facilitate greater understanding of these fields (Cullingworth Vincent, 1997) give clients planning consents in which a pleasant working environment has to be assured. The teams involved in flood risk management will have to draw a range of skills from engineering section especially in the hydrological analysis, surface run offs, calculation of storm and foul designs, and hydraulic modeling to deliver specialist solutions of complex solutions of projects especially in the most sensitive and in difficult environments.In this essay discussion of flood risk management, it is true that all around the world, a number of choices have to be made on the number and the levels of risks which have to be well managed by the managers responsible in working in various environments. The environment work include; the economic, institutional, and the political environment that constraint the process every single day. The government should decide on the fl ooding risk and be prepared to accept it as a challenge and look for factors of minimizing it and determine its appropriateness (Carter et al, 2010).With this effect, a number of solutions can be suggested by the government and the right one to apply depends on the resources available and number of constraints in which it is working with. For instance, the government may decide to design strategies of maintaining the current flood expenditures and prices, and accept reduced standards in protecting floods, and thus substantial increase in flood risks. The effect will be an increase in expected economic damages if the policy is endorsed.The second factor is to reduce the portfolio of responses in floods that measure levels at which are similar to the present responses. They can also, thirdly, reduce the risks further which in essence may be difficult in different sustainability to some scenarios, which may be applicable in some areas, and may not be feasible to other sides of the coin . The above strategies are the possible ways of solving the risk problems and hence, the urge for the government to investigate on the likely policies that are effective and associated effectively in legislation to manage flood risk scenarios. In this research topic, the focus shall be investigating the effective and potential effectiveness of applying the UK and the EC policy and designing potential legislation measures to address the risk of amid concerns that are related to climate change (Miranda et.al, 2011). At the same time, examples of responsible bodies at local, national or in international levels shall be discussed. The diagram below will be the guide in realizing this project discussion:
DiscussionFlood Risk Assessment, a Budding Environmental DareThe headline of hitting floods in the UK has tightened the food protection and legislation of regulatory regimes. These regimes need be developed so as to satisfy in the planning of risks in the United Kingdom. The greatest age ncy involved in this regime is called the Flood Assessment (FRA) to obtaining the planning consent, this program immensely crucial in almost all the planning application. If there is inadequate FRA in a nation, then the Local authorities or most environmental agencies are likely to refuse the planning consents on the basis that it is inadequate. The risk of flooding is increasing in importance in the UK as one of the approaches leading to national infrastructure and the utilities which industries should understand in designing an approach which can lead to continuity of businesses thus protecting the climate (Philander, 2008).Assessment using the Local Know how skills This strategy is build based on experience of the specialist hydrological skills. This strategy is backed up by the 3D modeling of computer in line with the Environmental Agency requirements. The service involves analysis of data, flood history, field surveys, and the local topology in determining the flood probability in investigating ground waters. An analysis of the waters near rivers and coastal regions will provide an overview of risks that appertain in the project. Another strategy designed is called the cost effective Drainage System (SuDS) that helps in controlling the impact of surface drainage so as to ensure that ground water is of quality (Peng Qiyuan, 2009). The UK need to develop approaches which will link the financial consequences of flood control while looking at the economic tools that underlie the mitigating factors against flood control risks in business. At the same time, they need to look at the other factors of prioritizing the flood measures of mitigation so s to include them in the project.Smoothing of the Planning processApplication of European policy, and the EC policy in regulationPlanning officers and environmentalist agencies should give confidence in planning applications and get backed up by a comprehensive FRA. The FRA is one of the USR services which integrate all environmental issues that extend to a detailed engineering plan. Implementing this aspect of will help in reducing risks resulting from delays and even to cost overruns of businesses (Joelson et. al, 2001). The aspect of reducing risks resulting from floods will not only reduce losses of human activities, but also reduce the socio-economic effects and ensure that the flat areas are used coastal places are used up by people. The need to adopt an integrated system in risk management was reflected first in the Flood Directive of the European government. This European program was explicitly designed to cover a wide range of activities and topics from drivers to the natural processes to models and decisions of socio-economic consequences of the institutional environment. Some other programs in the globe that ensures that there is Flood Risk Management include; the UNESCO-IHE for water Education in Netherlands, University of Ljubljana found in Slovenia, Technical University of Dresden , found in Germany, and the Technical University of Catalonia found in Spain. Their associated members include the following: European hydraulic laboratories.The UK and the EC policy require that there should be sustainable flood management in the managing risk in a sustainable manner. It provides guidance in which the core policy framework gives a direct implication that is involved in flood risk and management. This agency need to be issued with a number which is not later than 18 months in which that the Act is started. In assessing the social and economic environmental aspects or cost in environmental and economic effects of exercising risk functions, the EC policy requires guidance on various matters which cover up to the cost benefit analysis in covering the flood risk plans of management.The other sectorial area that is required is the local authorities upon the requisition from ministerial direction to prepare schedules required to clear and prepare works. Developing the gro up associated to risk management is another strategy of UK and EU policy where by the group implements tasks of managing risks by drawing assessment maps, flood maps, and the general guidelines of understanding the risks plus its impacts. Develop management plans to include setting of objectives and policies of local and international risk management specifically designed to measure full flooding problems and allocation alignment. This group will also, in addition, deal with new statutory processes and implementation of Flood management risks.National prosperity in flood management This is also one of the strategies designed by the national bodies to reduce and mitigate effects of floods in the areas affected. The framework sets out plans of the government, and extends it to the local councilors who produce distinctive plans concerning the project. The planning law requires applications for planning to be determined by the development plan. The local authorities preparing the plan should also have a sufficient framework upon which the decisions of reducing risks will be featured. In achieving a sustainable development, the UK has developed a strategy of securing the future by setting up the five principles which will lead to its realization. The five principles are; living within an environment that is within the limits of the planet, achieving a sustainable economy, promote good governance, use of proper sound science in a responsible manner, and having a just and healthy society thereby achieve a sustainable environment with three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social development.The economic role will try to build a strong, responsible and a very competitive economy that has sufficient land in ensuring that there is good support of growth and innovation to coordinate development, the social role is supposed to feature vibrant and health communities by supplying them with ... Flood Risk Engineering Term Paper - 3300 Words Flood Risk Engineering (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Course:Professor:Date:Flood Risk EngineeringIntroduction Management of water is one of the key elements in building, regeneration of urban projects in maximizing the potential of the developments. This is supposed to maintain an environment which is sustainable and effective for various developments. Management of flood risks is a vital event in every profile of any country at present. The impact of the risk was observed back in 2007 in the UK, and the effect brought a lot of impact especially those of tsunamis which have been affecting nations (Molden, 2007). Engineers have to work with other specialists in essence of realizing diverse and complex projects of flood risking. They are trained in doing Flood Risk Assessments (FRAs) in planning applications in which flood risks and water drainage issues are solved.Engineers apply strategic water assessments in outstanding urban and rural regeneration schemes that are sited on the flood plain lands. The Environment A gencies and the authorities of planning to facilitate greater understanding of these fields (Cullingworth Vincent, 1997) give clients planning consents in which a pleasant working environment has to be assured. The teams involved in flood risk management will have to draw a range of skills from engineering section especially in the hydrological analysis, surface run offs, calculation of storm and foul designs, and hydraulic modeling to deliver specialist solutions of complex solutions of projects especially in the most sensitive and in difficult environments.In this essay discussion of flood risk management, it is true that all around the world, a number of choices have to be made on the number and the levels of risks which have to be well managed by the managers responsible in working in various environments. The environment work include; the economic, institutional, and the political environment that constraint the process every single day. The government should decide on the fl ooding risk and be prepared to accept it as a challenge and look for factors of minimizing it and determine its appropriateness (Carter et al, 2010).With this effect, a number of solutions can be suggested by the government and the right one to apply depends on the resources available and number of constraints in which it is working with. For instance, the government may decide to design strategies of maintaining the current flood expenditures and prices, and accept reduced standards in protecting floods, and thus substantial increase in flood risks. The effect will be an increase in expected economic damages if the policy is endorsed.The second factor is to reduce the portfolio of responses in floods that measure levels at which are similar to the present responses. They can also, thirdly, reduce the risks further which in essence may be difficult in different sustainability to some scenarios, which may be applicable in some areas, and may not be feasible to other sides of the coin . The above strategies are the possible ways of solving the risk problems and hence, the urge for the government to investigate on the likely policies that are effective and associated effectively in legislation to manage flood risk scenarios. In this research topic, the focus shall be investigating the effective and potential effectiveness of applying the UK and the EC policy and designing potential legislation measures to address the risk of amid concerns that are related to climate change (Miranda et.al, 2011). At the same time, examples of responsible bodies at local, national or in international levels shall be discussed. The diagram below will be the guide in realizing this project discussion:
DiscussionFlood Risk Assessment, a Budding Environmental DareThe headline of hitting floods in the UK has tightened the food protection and legislation of regulatory regimes. These regimes need be developed so as to satisfy in the planning of risks in the United Kingdom. The greatest age ncy involved in this regime is called the Flood Assessment (FRA) to obtaining the planning consent, this program immensely crucial in almost all the planning application. If there is inadequate FRA in a nation, then the Local authorities or most environmental agencies are likely to refuse the planning consents on the basis that it is inadequate. The risk of flooding is increasing in importance in the UK as one of the approaches leading to national infrastructure and the utilities which industries should understand in designing an approach which can lead to continuity of businesses thus protecting the climate (Philander, 2008).Assessment using the Local Know how skills This strategy is build based on experience of the specialist hydrological skills. This strategy is backed up by the 3D modeling of computer in line with the Environmental Agency requirements. The service involves analysis of data, flood history, field surveys, and the local topology in determining the flood probability in investigating ground waters. An analysis of the waters near rivers and coastal regions will provide an overview of risks that appertain in the project. Another strategy designed is called the cost effective Drainage System (SuDS) that helps in controlling the impact of surface drainage so as to ensure that ground water is of quality (Peng Qiyuan, 2009). The UK need to develop approaches which will link the financial consequences of flood control while looking at the economic tools that underlie the mitigating factors against flood control risks in business. At the same time, they need to look at the other factors of prioritizing the flood measures of mitigation so s to include them in the project.Smoothing of the Planning processApplication of European policy, and the EC policy in regulationPlanning officers and environmentalist agencies should give confidence in planning applications and get backed up by a comprehensive FRA. The FRA is one of the USR services which integrate all environmental issues that extend to a detailed engineering plan. Implementing this aspect of will help in reducing risks resulting from delays and even to cost overruns of businesses (Joelson et. al, 2001). The aspect of reducing risks resulting from floods will not only reduce losses of human activities, but also reduce the socio-economic effects and ensure that the flat areas are used coastal places are used up by people. The need to adopt an integrated system in risk management was reflected first in the Flood Directive of the European government. This European program was explicitly designed to cover a wide range of activities and topics from drivers to the natural processes to models and decisions of socio-economic consequences of the institutional environment. Some other programs in the globe that ensures that there is Flood Risk Management include; the UNESCO-IHE for water Education in Netherlands, University of Ljubljana found in Slovenia, Technical University of Dresden , found in Germany, and the Technical University of Catalonia found in Spain. Their associated members include the following: European hydraulic laboratories.The UK and the EC policy require that there should be sustainable flood management in the managing risk in a sustainable manner. It provides guidance in which the core policy framework gives a direct implication that is involved in flood risk and management. This agency need to be issued with a number which is not later than 18 months in which that the Act is started. In assessing the social and economic environmental aspects or cost in environmental and economic effects of exercising risk functions, the EC policy requires guidance on various matters which cover up to the cost benefit analysis in covering the flood risk plans of management.The other sectorial area that is required is the local authorities upon the requisition from ministerial direction to prepare schedules required to clear and prepare works. Developing the gro up associated to risk management is another strategy of UK and EU policy where by the group implements tasks of managing risks by drawing assessment maps, flood maps, and the general guidelines of understanding the risks plus its impacts. Develop management plans to include setting of objectives and policies of local and international risk management specifically designed to measure full flooding problems and allocation alignment. This group will also, in addition, deal with new statutory processes and implementation of Flood management risks.National prosperity in flood management This is also one of the strategies designed by the national bodies to reduce and mitigate effects of floods in the areas affected. The framework sets out plans of the government, and extends it to the local councilors who produce distinctive plans concerning the project. The planning law requires applications for planning to be determined by the development plan. The local authorities preparing the plan should also have a sufficient framework upon which the decisions of reducing risks will be featured. In achieving a sustainable development, the UK has developed a strategy of securing the future by setting up the five principles which will lead to its realization. The five principles are; living within an environment that is within the limits of the planet, achieving a sustainable economy, promote good governance, use of proper sound science in a responsible manner, and having a just and healthy society thereby achieve a sustainable environment with three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social development.The economic role will try to build a strong, responsible and a very competitive economy that has sufficient land in ensuring that there is good support of growth and innovation to coordinate development, the social role is supposed to feature vibrant and health communities by supplying them with ...

Writing a Readmission Essay - The Essentials

Writing a Readmission Essay - The EssentialsWriting a readmission essay is a very important part of the essay writing process. It is often one of the hardest parts, but it can also be one of the most rewarding if you do it correctly. If you are looking to write a readmission essay for your job application or first job, this article will give you some tips on what to include in this important part of your application.When writing your essay, you will want to begin with a good start. The first thing you will want to do is consider a few facts about yourself. Write a bit about yourself, and the things that are important to you, such as hobbies, interests, and activities. Include these as much as possible, as your supervisor will want to know everything about you.Now you need to think about some areas that are more important to you than others. Think about where you learned most of your skills, and how you used them throughout your life. This will help you in creating a good outline for your readmission essay. You might also want to think about what your best traits are. Be creative, and write about the things that make you special.Now that you have an outline, you can begin to write your readmission essay. Remember to give your supervisor or employer enough information about yourself to make them feel like they know you. They will want to know what makes you different from other applicants, and if they are hiring you for anything more than a job interview.Another tip is to focus on your strong points. If you are a great writer, you can discuss this, or even make a small paper on it. If you have great problem solving skills, show this by explaining how you use them to help solve problems.Remember to avoid sounding pretentious. If you have a unique background, this will be much more convincing. Tell about what made you special, and what made you different from others. Make sure you have a unique and interesting story to tell. Never be boring, or you will make your b oss think you are.After you have finished writing your outline, you can now write your summary. If you have included a lot of personal information, you will want to write a short summary of your entire resume. A short summary is just as good as a full resume. You should always be brief, so keep your summary short and sweet. Do not try to convince your employer that you are a good candidate for the job, but be honest about your strengths and weaknesses.Writing a readmission essay can be hard, but it is a very important part of the application process. When you have done this properly, you will be able to tell your supervisor what you can do for the company, and what you can bring to them. Being honest and concise about yourself will help you to be the right fit for your job.

How Can I Do The Essay Topics Switches For Each Semester For My College Courses?

How Can I Do The Essay Topics Switches For Each Semester For My College Courses?If you're an English major then you know what essay topics switch for each semester for your college courses. You also know that you must find a way to stay current with your essay topics and not fall behind on your coursework. But what if I told you that you could be doing your college essays while still having a great time and still learning new things?If you're anything like me then you have a lot of college courses that you need to get through, but you may not have a lot of time to study in between them. This is where you can apply something that's called a paper jammer. In other words, it will prevent you from taking too much of a break during the day. It will keep you from stopping to eat or thinking about work for long periods of time.You'll be surprised at how much you can learn by applying this simple technique in your college essays. It will allow you to avoid that dreaded fifth quarter slump th at you dread so much and allow you to continue writing and completing all of your assignments and projects.To use a paper jammer effectively, you'll first need to make sure that your home is free of clutter. I'm sure that you have a desk set up in your office so you can check your email, watch television, and open your favorite browser right in front of your computer. You'll want to try to clean up your desk to ensure that there is nothing obstructing the path for your paper jammer.Your next step is to find the place to attach your paper jammer. You'll be using it to prevent your papers from rolling to the floor. For this reason, I recommend that you buy a stand or table that can be attached to your desk. This will ensure that everything is taken care of.Before attaching your paper jammer to your desk, you'll want to go over your research notes. I suggest that you tear out several pages and label them. You can refer back to these later and see what topics were most important for you to cover. Once you know what your research topics are, you can attach your paper jammer to your desk and start your job.As soon as you've attached your paper jammer to your desk, let's get started. Use your finger to push it under the paper until it's locked in place. You should feel that it's glued to the desk, but you can remove it with ease.Here's a great tip for doing the essay topics switch for each semester for your college courses. Get ready to save time and money by using paper jammer to help you stay on top of your assignment.

Racial Profiling Is A Social Issue - 1537 Words

Racial Profiling is a social issue that is capturing more and more attention worldwide but especially by North Americans. Racial Profiling is the assumption that someone has committed a crime based on their physical appearance and the stigma that surrounds that culture or group. Racial profiling, therefore, affects everyone in society as it is about humanity. Everyone deserves the chance to be free of stereotypes and even those who aren’t amidst racial profiling should realise that they are affected as those who are guilty may not belong to said stereotyped racial group or those who are not guilty may be profiled without actions to warrant so. Growing evidence has shown that in a study conducted by the Canadian government â€Å"participants who identified themselves as a visible minority felt that they had been the target of racial profiling over the last four years compared to non-minority participants (20% vs. 6%). When asked the extent to which racial profiling occurs uno fficially, 20% of the participants felt it happened all the time and 62% felt that it happened sometimes.† (Canadian Department of Justice). These statistics illustrate that even in a country where it is claimed that we are equal and without a biased system people still are treated as if they are something they are not and due to their ethnic background. The article â€Å"Ottawa teen claims he was a victim of police profiling† featured on CBC news will only further serves as a real-life example to helpShow MoreRelatedRace And Racial Profiling And Gender Issues On The Basis Of My Upbringing, Experience, And Social Media1206 Words   |  5 Pagesnot well informed of the purpose of the L.A. riots until I saw the police brutality video. It became evident after 9/11 and the Arizona SB 1070 act that race and racial profiling became a great issue. 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Details of Pre Civil War Essay Topics

<h1>Details of Pre Civil War Essay Topics </h1> <h2> The Lost Secret of Pre Civil War Essay Topics</h2> <p>In general, most students of history demonstrate that subjugation was a reason for the common war, yet clearly it wasn't the most significant reason, however everything swore by subjection, similar to the money related contrasts, the South depended vigorously on servitude. From the outset, the significant motivation behind the Civil War was accomplished however the cancelation of subjugation alone was not adequate to coordinate previous slaves in the US society and make them a part of the nation. Since the issue of subjection traverses each of the three of these classes, it's broadly seen as the primary explanation behind the war. The utilization of ladies in provinces. </p> <h2>Pre Civil War Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone </h2> <p>Many came on the grounds that it was the best activity. You may likewise look at a solita ry religion all the more intently (counting Buddhism, Confucianism, or Christianity) and analyze the manner in which the religion varies in various components of earth. You simply need to get your contemplations down in a semi-consistent path in one region. You've gone to the right area! </p> <p>Students will be ready to delineate strategies by which they may safeguard the memory of the war. They will have the option to talk about the impacts of the Civil War. They will have the option to distinguish the reasons for the American Civil War. They will have the option to portray the condition of the country and succession the main occasions of the Civil War. </p> <p>Even however a few people do accept that it was the significant purpose behind the common war. It might be believed to be the issue that is finally too much to bear, however not as the essential explanation behind the common war. To begin with, the slaves being free, is a somewhat significant occasio n during the Civil War. </p> <p>One of the principle explanations behind the Civil War was abolitionism. The South is extensively increasingly rural, and is dependent upon sends out as well. </p> <p>Or the paper may focus on clinical revelations, similar to the polio immunization or penicillin. During the improvement of the post, you're expressive a particular perspective and afterward offering supporting proof to show your point. You may learn through your exploration your perspective may have been off-base. From that point forward, do your examination to show your point. </p> <p>Since you may see, composing a paper on common war isn't exactly as troublesome as you suspected. Almost the entirety of this guide is given to posting history points that are ideal for papers, on the whole, it's critical to get a simple procedure for utilizing a rundown of potential exposition themes along these lines. Proficient modified article journalists for recruit to make your paper without any prep aration. Short paper on advantages of understanding paper. </p> <p>The answer isn't as simple the same number of might think. Find a theme which you feel firmly about. Last, you have to ensure the theme by and by interests you. Guarantee you select an applicable subject and you'll be able to present a great assignment.</p> <p>At our modest exposition composing administration, you can be sure to secure tenable scholastic guide at a reasonable cost, since the name of our site recommends. Perhaps the best strategy to do so is by means of a paper. We're initially going to cover some of the foundation material before talking about certain systems and some basic points you may wish to consider for a task. </p> <h2> The Pre Civil War Essay Topics Chronicles</h2> <p>Writing an extraordinary errand isn't troublesome on the off chance that you follow the right measures. The blueprint length will be reliant on the term of the paper. This 2-advance procedure will verify you get moving on the best possible foot, however remember the fundamentals of sound composition. The vital objective is to portray different authoritative examples. </p> <h2>Who Else Wants to Learn About Pre Civil War Essay Topics? </h2> <p>It's smarter to move away from the exposition for seve ral days. So when you have school schoolwork that is practically due and have zero piece of information how you can have it done inside the following scarcely any hours. There are bunches of cases in our school lives when we need to make different sorts out of articles as our assignments. In the first place, you'll have to focus on your school or school class' subject. </p> <p>This will empower understudies to form a composed paper. In a scholastic setting, yet the paper should be arranged and sorted out dependent on the comparing norms without the utilization of casual dialects like slang or language. It is conceivable to likewise get help in the event that you select to get a history look into paper from a dependable assistance to ensure the best grades. As you would feel that to make an OK unique contentious paper, you must dedicate the entire evening contemplating, it isn't exact. </p>

Research Paper Topics on Chaucer - An Overview

<h1>Research Paper Topics on Chaucer - An Overview</h1><p>Chaucer, whose works we have investigated here, was an incredible boss of the content and exposition, composing for the most part in an unordinary way. Composing research papers or a thesis in his style can be precarious, and it is smarter to have a great deal of involvement with doing as such. A decent beginning, at that point, is acclimate yourself with a portion of the principle thoughts and ideas this well known essayist wanted to compose about.</p><p></p><p>Everyone, including himself, has at any rate one 'whimsical' thought, and once in a while this can turn into the focal point of their musings, which can form into an unmistakable fascination for detail. Chaucer, who was well known for his retellings of early English stories, additionally composed on his hypotheses concerning habits, religion, and the rhythmic movement of life amidst stress. In the event that you discover this t opic in his works, you are probably going to discover it in your own paper as well.</p><p></p><p>Chaucer's origination of society and character can be followed back to a couple of lines in the Canterbury Tales and to comparable ideas in his sonnets. The world view he introduced is at this point, as old as the language of the content, regular to record-breaking. Since inquire about paper subjects on Chaucer can be discovered everywhere throughout the Internet, it might be advantageous to invest a little energy glancing through them to perceive what he was really composing about.</p><p></p><p>Chaucer, however, was not a decent author from his first sentences. In any case, despite the fact that he is known for his English content, the realities in his book no longer confront examination. A portion of his literary research paper subjects on Chaucer have been updated and have started to look progressively like an exposition, as opposed to a bit of composition. Others, in any case, stay flawless and mirror the topic in them to this day.</p><p></p><p>In his article on the man and his condition in Chaucer'time, we become familiar with the kind of mental, social, and social perspectives held by the age's occupants. The two people are appearing to treat their obligations and duties with respect and nobility. This, obviously, isn't something of which each Englishman of the day is probably going to be pleased. It is this that adds a powerful note to a considerable lot of Chaucer's other texts.</p><p></p><p>In certainty, Chaucer was a productive author in exposition and verse just as on the stage and in show. His work was well known to the point that his peers were substance to let his commitments pass by them, not trying to make a history out of his profession. At the point when Chaucer's impact upon English writing is expounded on, there will in general be a disregarded side t o the vocation, which was imperative to the advancement of England's scholarly culture.</p><p></p><p>Chaucer's principle content is about a lord, who is the subject of numerous other writing, however Chaucer's own works are increasingly identified with the general culture of England in his time. In that sense, he remains nearby Milton and Wordsworth as one of the most compelling of the old style English scholars. He is additionally, according to numerous individuals, a motivation for the entire kind of the novel, and even a cutting edge traditional one, as a result of his capacity to pervade reality with enthusiastic depth.</p><p></p><p>He went to considerable lengths to expound on the world as it was and addressed those individuals who lived in it. His notoriety for being an aristocrat, of a specialist who never committed errors in the administration of the individuals he expounded on, is irrefutable. Chaucer has been and consistently will be the exemplification of scholarly greatness.</p>

Using an Online College Essay Writing Company Can Help You Produce a Good College Essay

<h1>Using an Online College Essay Writing Company Can Help You Produce a Good College Essay</h1><p>As the expense of school keeps on expanding, more understudies are going to the World Wide Web to compose a school article. There are a few understudies who send an example to the school that has the necessity paper previously composed. So in the event that you need to compose a decent school exposition, yet can't bear the cost of an opportunity to look into and compose an article, the correct device is an online school paper composing company.</p><p></p><p>Using an online school article composing organization might be the best way to present an exposition to school. How often do you investigate your school or college before presenting an exposition for school? Accordingly, you wind up investing more energy considering what kind of school article you need to compose than really composing it. This is the place a school exposition composing organi zation can help.</p><p></p><p>An online school article composing organization can survey the entirety of your exploration and assemble the entirety of the paper points that you have thought of. You don't need to stress over creating the exposition on the spot, you simply should be happy with composing a paper, at that point you have the thought. The author can be in your home or any place you would like.</p><p></p><p>An online school article composing organization can give a paper test that has the entirety of the exploration filled in for you. This gives the experience and the author. You will have the author make proposals for your school exposition and the selection of words to incorporate.</p><p></p><p>Once the essayist has investigated your school article, they will give you a layout of themes and how they identify with one another. You can without much of a stretch figure out which one of these subjects is the most intriguing and ought to be the focal point of your essay.</p><p></p><p>If you need to find out about how an online school exposition composing organization can assist you with your school paper, you should peruse the tips that the organization gives to you. You can likewise pose inquiries to an exploration partner or school educator so you can turn out to be increasingly acquainted with the idea of composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise buy your school article from a free school exposition composing administrations for school. The free help will offer you guidance on the most proficient method to make your school article truly stick out and get saw by the teacher or school that you're composing for.</p>

Considerations Before Writing An Architecture Essay Topic

<h1>Considerations Before Writing An Architecture Essay Topic</h1><p>The things to be considered recorded as a hard copy an engineering paper point are deliberately with the goal that the composing is an artful culmination regardless. The article must be composed with the assistance of a top of the line paper help in figuring the structure of the structure. Here are a few focuses which must be considered before heading out to compose a design paper topic.</p><p></p><p>There are various ideas which must be talked about in the engineering article points. A decent paper may begin from a history. The composing will begin with a sentence that begins with the fundamental subtleties of the engineering. This ought to be trailed by a couple of passages where the insights about the structural history of the spot are stated.</p><p></p><p>In design exposition subjects, the issues relating to a huge structure like a high rise must be tended to in detail and so that the thought is passed on in the most ideal way. Now and then it gets important to return to the history. On the off chance that it is, at that point the exposition will begin with another verifiable reality that identifies with the production of the building.</p><p></p><p>It is notable that the old history is one of the most impressive wellsprings of information about the spot. There are various fantasies and legends which identify with the territories of antiquated occasions. Such data is significant in making a building history. There is a need to build up the exact dates when these fantasies were made to make a chronicled picture.</p><p></p><p>In present day times, the portrayals of the cutting edge times must be given in extraordinary detail so the crowd gets the idea of the advanced engineering. Indeed, the development of the city must be concentrated in its cutting edge structure. This needs var ious realities from an earlier time and a ton of research with respect to the author. This will give an understanding into the draftsmen of the time and how they utilized the engineering information for the cutting edge building.</p><p></p><p>The next point to be thought of while composing an article subject on design is the sort of condition which has been made by the modelers. The engineering article points need to incorporate the region where the structure is to be fabricated. A ton of data is accessible with respect to the area where the structure is to be built.</p><p></p><p>The design highlights must be talked about in extraordinary detail so the crowd gets an away from of the building highlights. The point by point depiction of engineering highlights must be written so that it very well may be comprehended by the perusers. Besides, if the article point is composed by specialists, it tends to be of extraordinary use.</p>< ;p></p><p>The structural highlights must be talked about in a way which can be comprehended by the crowd. The design highlights which are to be talked about should be referenced in the most pertinent way. The delineations and charts of the building highlights must be remembered for the paper too. The blueprint of the design exposition themes ought to be composed cautiously before composing an engineering article topic.</p>

How to Write the College Essay - Harry Bauld on Writing the College Essay Course

<h1>How to Write the College Essay - Harry Bauld on Writing the College Essay Course</h1><p>One of the most interesting highlights of the Harry Bauld on Writing the College Essay is the manner in which he manages the different methods to compose an incredible article. Much of the time, exposition composing is a convoluted procedure that includes the utilization of various devices and strategies. In this article, we will take a gander at a couple of these significant devices in more detail.</p><p></p><p>One of the significant methodologies to take when figuring out how to compose a paper is to utilize a bit by bit direct that will assist you with accomplishing the correct learning condition. Bauld offers this novel and creative methodology in his How to Write the College Essay course. His guide starts by giving significant data on the best way to be a decent author, which incorporates realizing the best possible sentence structure rules and me thodologies, just as not utilizing shout focuses excessively, or too often.</p><p></p><p>There are a few various types of styles and strategies to survive, and the first is to compose the paper that you would have written in your own study hall. Bauld educates you to ensure you have satisfactory time to compose a decent exposition, particularly when you've just taken in the fundamentals of the course. He likewise proposes that you allow yourself daily or two off from work, with the goal that you can commit all your vitality to the work.</p><p></p><p>Bauld additionally urges his understudies to scan online for various assets that will assist them with composing an exposition. He likewise gives approaches to use layouts to a portion of the regular mistakes that frequently crop up in most composing assignments.</p><p></p><p>One other technique that Bauld offers is that he will give you various Texas Hold Em Poker p rocedures to assist you with winning in the poker game. These methodologies are particularly useful for the individuals who are new to composing an article, or for the individuals who are keen on composing for their school essays.</p><p></p><p>One last significant favorable position that accompanies this How to Write the College Essay Course is that it gives numerous different subtleties that go past the essentials of composing a paper. The aides offer numerous different methodologies and tips to amplify your evaluation, with the goal that you will get the most noteworthy evaluations possible.</p><p></p><p>In end, there are a few reasons why it is important to look for help in finishing the ideal paper. By using the ground-breaking procedures offered by Harry Bauld on Writing the College Essay, you will get your most ideal grade!</p>

Samples of Rhetorical Analysis Essay - Why Are They Useful?

<h1>Samples of Rhetorical Analysis Essay - Why Are They Useful?</h1><p>Samples of logical investigation paper assist you with improving as an author, yet in all actuality it doesn't make a difference what test you use on the off chance that you don't take what you have gained from them and apply it to your own composition. On the off chance that you have taken an explanatory examination paper and you are not holding a candle to the current situation what was found out to your own composition, at that point what you have done is, basically, been lazy.</p><p></p><p>For a beginning, there is no reason for attempting to compose your own suppositions, you know what I mean? You are simply wasting your time. So as opposed to depending on those examples of logical examination paper to help you in your work, you should utilize the information they offer you to show yourself how to contemplate composing - how to assess your contentions, and how to real ly compose the contention from there.</p><p></p><p>One of the best and most ideal approaches to do this is to consider them as instances of what NOT to do. On the off chance that you notice, there are a lot of instances of contentions where the essayist really attempts to contend a thought or perspective by utilizing the instances of the example. What this does is - it gives a totally extraordinary impression of the writer.</p><p></p><p>It's a horrendous mix-up to make. Since when you are composing your own work, the peruser should as of now know about the thoughts you are endeavoring to impart, in this way utilizing models is a non-starter to pass on your message.</p><p></p><p>They will be absolutely hoping to hear what it resembles to live, inhale and live with that individual - yours genuinely for this situation - from their own point of view, as it were. In this way, the main way you can get any sort of thou ght across whatsoever, is to utilize models where the author is attempting to discuss a thought with a model. That is the main way they will get your point across.</p><p></p><p>This doesn't imply that in the event that you see a case of logical investigation exposition that the author is in a religion. It just implies that you should utilize the information you've figured out how to pick the correct models for the activity and to guarantee that you are not utilizing an inappropriate models for the activity. Suppose that you are composing a book survey, and you see an example of logical investigation article in the book itself.</p><p></p><p>But you don't have the foggiest idea about the writer, and the writer is from a periphery ideological group. At that point its absolutely impossible the example of explanatory investigation article will be useful to you in this circumstance. You should get an old duplicate of the book and ensure that you get the book's first version, as you would think that its more helpful than something from the paperback.</p><p></p><p>Now, you are not revealing to me that you ought not figure out how to break down an example of expository examination article, and that you ought to disregard them for another person's feelings on composing. You should, nonetheless, comprehend that you have to think fundamentally, and that you ought to really take what you realize and apply it to your own work.</p>

How to Choose Persuasive Essay Topics For Elementary Students

How to Choose Persuasive Essay Topics For Elementary StudentsFor some time now, elementary students have been needing advice on persuasive essay topics. What if I told you that there are four types of persuasive essays for elementary students to choose from?Four different topics are the most common ones for persuasive essay topics for elementary students. These include: learning, goals, relationships, and power.Learning is probably the most misunderstood topic for elementary students. The writers of persuasive essays often see this as an easy task, because learning is a concept that they understand and are accustomed to. Unfortunately, writing a persuasive essay about learning is a real challenge for elementary students because it is such a vague concept.The writers of persuasive essays for elementary students need to know their topic well enough to know what to do with it. Writing an essay about learning how to drive a car can become a difficult task if you do not have an idea of wh at your goal is. Therefore, knowing your topic will make the task easier. You will be more comfortable with the topics that you choose.Once you know what your goal is, then you need to think about what you need to achieve in order to achieve your goal. It might be to become better at driving a car or be a better writer. Regardless of your goal, you want to write an essay about your topic and to add something unique to the topic. This means that you have to go beyond just telling your readers what they want to hear.Speech writing is a very demanding craft. If you want to learn how to speak, then you are going to have to learn about speech, pronunciation, grammar, and speaking and communicating with others. Do not be intimidated by these things. They are necessary to becoming a good speaker.It can be very frustrating for parents to learn that their children's essays fail to be persuasive essay topics for elementary students. There are things that you can do to avoid this happening. On e of the best ways to do this is to get a good resource guide. Some sources for persuasive essay topics for elementary students include the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the North American Society for Pediatric Neurology. They are good resources and they will give you the facts about these topics.Remember that persuasive essay topics for elementary students are tough and they require that you have knowledge about your topic. With the proper help, it is possible to craft an essay that is both persuasive and clear about the topic.

How to Write a Front Page of College Essay

How to Write a Front Page of College EssayA great front page of the college essay is one that is well written and can go a long way in explaining why the student put their heart and soul into their essay. All too often, students will make a mistake or other spelling error which is very hard to correct quickly. It can be embarrassing to send an essay to the college you applied to if the front page of the paper does not show you are being honest with the college. If your first draft contains spelling errors, it is even more embarrassing and difficult to fix.Your cover letter and introduction should be so amazing that the students will start to take notice. After all, the college is looking for the truth and not the sugar coated version. So your intro should be so interesting that the students start to wonder, what could it be. If you have a personal appeal, the students will want to know more about you. This is something that can help when you are writing your essay, and will help buil d the foundation for your essay.The key area of an essay is the writing. But there are some types of essays that are better than others. Some require a more open mind, while others are much more wordy, but still very creative. The most important thing is that the student's written idea must stand out so they will want to check it out.When writing your essay, take the time to reflect on it. If you get feedback from a friend, mentor, or professor, this can help you a lot in refining your writing. After all, you would rather write an essay that is good than writing a crappy one. By reflecting on your essay, you will find the areas where you are letting your ego get in the way and correcting these areas will improve your essay.Every essay is unique, and every student is different. They have different personal traits, goals, personalities, and capabilities. Just like you, they will have some areas where they will struggle more than others.One piece of advice: When writing your individual paper, write about you. Focus on how you see yourself and why you think that you are worthy of attending that college.With all the changes in technology, it is more important than ever to write a college essay. You will be improving your future job opportunities. Be sure that you remember these tips so you can make sure your front page of the college essay is a memorable one.

Un-Answered Problems With Research Essay Topics Exposed

Un-Answered Problems With Research Essay Topics Exposed Research Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery Writing a superb persuasive research paper is a difficult undertaking. Loan an innovative essay may be a team-free job, if you own a custom you have differing on. To approach the paper with at least anxiety, you should choose a topic that you're feeling comfortable writing about, and one which you're confident you could grasp the appropriate scholarship on. A superb paper topic ought to be interesting and ought to incorporate an original idea or position try to prevent cliche topics which will likely bore your reader. Type of Research Essay Topics You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. Given below are numerous fashion topics to write about that are guaranteed to assist you get the maximum grade! In light of the above mentioned, let's conside r some intriguing research paper topics and suggestions for your research paper. The last section usually summarizes the critical points. When you select a specific topic, the initial step is to develop into an authority in the area. To make your essay more alive, make certain that you offer a tiny comparison on child abuse in america and some European nations. It may focus on gender issues from other parts of the world such as women rights in the Middle East and so on. For some students, a collection of topic is the easiest part. For instance, you can opt for a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. Your resources must be authoritative and credible. The ability to come up with a great research topic is a significant skill. The shortage of superior support sources will end in a decrease grade. Your research will finally have a flow. Research Essay Topics - the Story Our writers are highly competent so you are able to place your order for any kind of custom essay with no hesitation. Throughout your academic career, you will often be requested to compose an essay. Nowadays it's very difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. It's possible to easily order any sort of essay without leaving your room. There are a great deal of kinds of essays, it isn't challenging to eliminate your eye on all your writing assignments. The way to the ideal essay is by way of WritePaperFor.Me. Easy expository essays are essays where you're anticipated to work on facts as opposed to opinions. In order to have one of the best essays one ought to pick the assistance of a tutor at every stage of either the custom or descriptive essays. The manner of the essay can differ. Essay bulimia nervosa things you a massive collection of easy grateful essay topics that won't hold your interest. It is very important to make certain that your research doesn't have any plagiarism and such errors as they could be utilised to penalize you. There are many other college essay topics to pick from. Argumentative sociology history topics are a good deal slower to find than to produce. If you're allowed to freely choose what things to write by yourself, utilize the chance to make something unique. To the contrary, you may not have been provided a subject at all. It's possible to say several things about the subject, but everything you say will be at an incredibly basic or survey level. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Understanding Research Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research on the web, it's far better to choose what interests you the most. Many are readily available on the Web. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. If you have to compose a research essay in school, the very first thing that you'll need is a great topic. Consequently, it's always important to locate a topic that interests you. In case the topic is too narrow, you might find it difficult to get the appropriate literature. Your topic has to be clear and understandable. An instructor may assign you a particular topic, but most often instructors require you to pick your own subject of interest. There are many methods that may help you to pick a topic. When you choose a research topic, make certain it is one which you understand and have a firm grasp on. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable.

Specialties within Radiology - 901 Words

Modern medicine is capable of treating a tremendous range of human disease and injuries, but the usefulness of all medical specialties depends on accurate diagnosis. Virtually every conceivable medical specialty relies on radiological technologies to provide formal diagnoses, making radiology one of the most important of all medical specialties. Radiologists enjoy some of the best working conditions in modern medicine and typically experience very positive employment conditions. Consequently, their services are generally in very high demand, with many starting out with six-figure annual incomes immediately after completion of their professional training. Within the field of radiology, there are: (1) radiologists who are physicians†¦show more content†¦In the words of my Radiology professor, Warren Hejny, Radiology can take you anywhere; it can be used as a starting block or stepping stone. Because of its tremendously wide applications within modern medicine, radiology offer s more than a dozen distinct areas of even greater specialization within the field. Some of those specialty areas involve direct medical intervention, such as in the case of radiation oncology and interventional radiology. Others focus more on diagnostics rather than on direct medical treatment. In that regard, breast imaging involves diagnosing diseases of the breast through mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tissue biopsies. Cardiovascular radiology is the radiology specialty that uses X-rays, computer axial tomography (CAT scans), MRIs, and ultrasound to diagnose problems with the heart and circulatory system. Chest radiology employs many of the same technologies and tools to diagnose and treat medical conditions of the heart and lungs. Other radiology specialty practice areas include: gastrointestinal radiology, emergency radiology, head and neck radiology, musculoskeletal radiology, and reproductive radiology. Finally, radiology specialties can also intersect directly with other specialty areas of interest such asShow MoreRelatedMedical Transcription Research Paper1550 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical specialties. Each specialty is unique, yet each needs assistance from health care workers in other specialties to do their jobs. Eight medical specialties that will be reviewed are: radiology, dermatology, cardiology, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, neurology, ophthalmology, and orthopedics. The eighth specialty, orthopedics, will be reviewed in the most detail. RADIOLOGY The main purpose of one field of medicine is to assist other specialties. The field of radiology is a medicalRead MoreRadiology and Healthcare Essays1372 Words   |  6 PagesRadiology involves many areas of the health field. Many different types of health services use radiology. One specialty is Radiologic Technology. Radiology goes back to the 1800’s. Radiography is the use of electro magnetic radiation to create an image on a photographic film (â€Å"Radiology† Time). The Radiologist Technician is one who operates equipment that creates images of a patient’s body tissue, organs, and bones for the purpose of medical diagnosis and therapies (â€Å"Radiologic Technologists†)Read MoreWhat is a radiologist? The medical field is full of many different career paths. Some choose1000 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a radiologist? The medical field is full of many different career paths. Some choose pediatrics, some choose geriatrics, some choose oncology, and some choose psychology. However, only a few choose radiology as a career choice. Radiologists are medical specialists who use radioactive instruments and x-rays to diagnose and make treatment decisions regarding health problems. They examine various types of images including x-rays, computer tomography (CT scans), mammograms ultrasounds, and magneticRead MoreEssay on Portfolio Analysis1506 Words   |  7 PagesTruman offers many services. Some Services include an asthma center, birthplace, cardiovascular center, diabetes center, emergency care, eye clinic, GI gastrointestinal, and infectious disease clinic. More services include oncology, orthopedics, radiology services, rehabilitation services, sickle cell disease center, sleep center, trauma services, weight management services, and women’s health services. Below are the descriptions of nine services and what category they can be placed in. EmergencyRead MoreThe Impact Of Implementing Ehr On Processes Of Care And Outcomes946 Words   |  4 Pagestriage. Adler-Milstein, J., et al. conduct a research to assess what influence would EHRs have toward Health care costs. It slowed ambulatory cost growth, and ambulatory radiology costs decreased. After analysis, ambulatory EHR adoption did not impact total cost, but it reduced cost in some specific aspects, especially in radiology. Using commercially available EHRs in community practices seems to modestly slow ambulatory cost growth. Broader changes in the organization and payment of care may promptRead MoreMedical Acronyms Allow People In The Healthcare Industry1606 Words   |  7 Pageshealthcare. The goal of an ACO is to ensure high quality care by delivering the appropriate care at the right time. 2. APM For participating ACO organizations, the Alternative Payment Model provides an alternative to MIPS. This MACRA option allows specialty providers, especially small, private practices, to design a payment model that complements their organization. Visit ama.org Alternative Payment Model page to learn more about flexible APM design. 3.  CCM Two out of three Medicare patients have atRead MoreJob Aspests of Anesthesiologists, Radiologists, and Physicians Assistants671 Words   |  3 Pagesproject I will be discussing general core requirements, and just general aspects of the job itself. For instance the salary for each of the profession and expected job prospects. The medical field is quite vast in its selection of job careers even within the same job you can be many different titles while doing the same thing. One of the careers I had chosen was to be a radiologist. Radiologists are physicians who use cutting-edge imaging technology to examine organs and tissues inside the body inRead More Veterinary Medicine as a Career Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesCalculus. Once I complete my Bachelors degree, I will be required to undergo an additional four years of intensive coursework to obtain my Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) degree. Veterinarians who seek specialty certification in a field such as opthalmology, pathology, surgery, radiology, or laboratory animal medicine must complete a 3-year residency program, and pass an examination. In addition to academic instruction, training includes clinical experience in diagnosing and treating animalRead MoreMedical Records Procedure Manual1466 Words   |  6 Pageson-site centralized filing s ystem. The HID is responsible for the collection and maintenance of confidential and identifiable patient information in a master patient index (MPI). HID primarily provides patient records for the medical staff and the radiology department. It is HIDs responsibility to maintain professional and ethical standards of confidentiality. All staff at HHMC must follow the professional and ethical standards of confidentiality as a condition of employment. Any staff member who handlesRead MoreI Want to Become a Radiologic Technician Essays929 Words   |  4 PagesMy topic that I am researching is a Radiology Technician. Basically, their job is to help Physicians take x-rays and to help them out with the readings. They also perform cat scans, ultrasounds, and radiation therapy. This article informs the reader of the job duties and occupational specialties. It tells them what they need to be able to do, such as noticing detail and clearly communicating. It also provides them with educational and preparation opportunities. The training is provided and the work

Students Diversity and Teaching Practices free essay sample

Teaching practice is the practical aspect of teacher training and it is an assortment of factual and dramatic characteristics. During the teaching practice student teachers find an opportunity to use the acquired knowledge, especially in the areas of psychology, teaching methods, teaching principles and teaching techniques. During teaching practice student teachers are like apprentices to acquire skills. Teaching practice is a valuable opportunity, where student teachers are in a position to increase their knowledge, do experiments on the basis of acquired knowledge and to solve the problems related to teaching. Student teachers which are on teaching practice, if they are aware about their lacking experience and need of more learning, as well as willing to learn and gain, then they can learn practically much more from experienced teachers and teacher educators. During teaching practice, it is not only that they have opportunity of teaching but they also have the opportunity to observe inside and outside of the classroom. In this connection data was collected from 650 student/prospective teachers who have completed their teaching practice and it was found that in Pakistan teaching practice is not taken seriously and many interesting findings were found in this regard. Key Words: teaching practice, problems, issues, Pakistan Introduction Practice teaching occupies a key position in the programme of teacher education. It is a culminating experience in teacher preparation. It provides opportunity to beginning teachers to become socialized into the profession (Furlong et. al, 1988). Performance during practice teaching provides some basis for predicting the future success of the teacher. Outgoing popularity and centrality of practice teaching is an important contributing factor towards the quality of teacher education programme. During practice teaching working with students in schools provides a high degree of emotional involvement mostly of a 1Federal 2 College of Education H-9, Islamabad, Pakisatn,[emailprotected] com G C University, Faisalabad,Pakistan 3The niversity of Gujrat, Pakistan 4Federal College of Education H-9, Islamabad, Pakisatn  © 2010 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences ISSN: 1309-2707 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa positive nature. Student teachers feel themselves grow through experience and they begin to link to a culture of teaching. During practice teaching, they feel engaged, challenged and even empowered (Trowbridge and Bybee, 1994; sharafuddin, and Allison, 1969). Definitions of Teaching Practice A number of terms such as the practice teaching, student teaching, teaching practice, field studies, infield experience, school based experience or internship are used to refer to this activity (Taneja, 2000). The term practice teaching embraces all the learning experiences of student teachers in schools (Ashraf, 1999). The term practice teaching has three major connotations: the practicing of teaching skills and acquisition of the role of a teacher; the whole range of experiences that students go through in schools; and the practical aspects of the course as distinct from theoretical studies (Stones and Morris, 1977). Teaching practice is the name of the preparation of student teachers for teaching by practical training. It is the practical use of teaching methods, teaching strategies, teaching principles, teaching techniques and practical training and practice / exercise of different activities of daily school life. Objectives of Practice Teaching According to Akbar (2002) Following are the objectives of practice teaching: 1. To provide the prospective teachers with an opportunity of establishing an appropriate teacher pupil relationship. 2. To provide an opportunity for evaluating the student potential as a teacher and suitability for the teaching profession. 3. To develop personal relationship with others: administrators, teachers, parents and students. 4. To provide the future teacher with practical experience in school to overcome the problems of discipline and enable him / her to develop method of control. 340 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 5. To provide with an opportunity to put theories into practice and to develop a deeper understanding of educational principles and their implication for learning. 6. To enable the student teachers effectively to plan and prepare lessons. . To develop skill in the use of fundamental procedures, techniques and methods of teaching. 8. To develop desirable professional interests, attitudes and ideas relative to teaching profession. 9. To enable student teachers to acquire desirable characteristics / traits of a teacher and to display appropriate behaviour. 10. To provide student teachers with an opportunity to have teaching evaluated and to gain from the benefit s of constructive criticism. 11. To provide an opportunity for self evaluation and to discover own strengths and weaknesses. 12. To develop skills in future teachers related to teaching like fluent speaking, meaningful reading, using blackboard and other teaching material. 13. To provide an opportunity to liaison with school environment, its functioning and with community and its resources. 14. To provide for the exchange of ideas and methods between practicing school and teacher training institution, by teacher training institutions’ staff and students, perceiving new ideas material and equipment in use in practicing schools and introducing new ideas, material and equipments into the school. Stages in teaching practice Following are the stages in teaching practice 341 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Primary Stage It is necessary to make a trip of student teachers to that particular school, where they are going for practice teaching. The main aim of this tour is to see the concerned head teacher, class teachers and school staff in order to acquire information about school and its environment. Student teachers must observe the teaching methods of school, methods of concerned class teacher, copies or notebooks of the students and their usual routine. On return from the tour student teachers must have the details about scheme of studies, age of the students, strength of the class, abilities and specific problems of the students, timing of the school, textbooks and teaching aids. Preparation of Lesson For the preparation of lesson student teachers must know the subject, the relevant books and audio visual aids which he / she is going to teach. Well prepared lecture gives confidence to the teacher in the class. Student teachers and supervisor can reform the teaching learning process after its evaluation. Qualities of a Good Lesson A good lesson has the following qualities: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Lesson planning should be in complete detail. Lesson should be interesting. Effective and timely use of teaching methods and teaching aids. Student should be ready for learning. Students should be involved practically in teaching learning process. Lesson should be taught in professional and friendly environment. All students should be given same attention by keeping in view their individual differences. 342 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Teaching in Classroom The stage of teaching in the classroom is known as practice teaching. Student teachers while teaching in the classroom passes through different steps of his / her teaching (Introduction, presentation, recapitulation) and concerned teacher / supervisor assesses / observes his / her lesson. Evaluation of Teaching Practice In order to evaluate the teaching practice supervisor observes the student teacher while teaching in the classroom. Supervisor evaluates / observes the punctuality, lesson planning, teaching methods, use of audio visual aids, adequacy of audio visual aids, pitch of voice, dress, start and end of lesson, interest of the students, discipline of class, use of black / white board, students’ notebooks and objectives of the lesson. Participation in other Routine Works of School Teaching in classroom is not the only objective of teaching practice, but also to provide training in all activities which student teachers are going to perform in future during their job as a professional teachers. For this purpose they have to spend whole day in school as teacher. They have to participate in all the activities of school e. g. preparation of timetable, preparation and maintenance of different registers, evaluation of class work and home work, arrangement of tutorial groups, sports / games, morning assembly, co-curricular activities, duty during recess, duty as day master, duty before and after school timing, decoration of classroom, preparation and maintenance of attendance board, news board, information board, look after and arrangements of A V aids room, home economics room, science laboratories and library. How to deal with students’ parents, officers of the school, school employees and guests are also the part of teaching practice. Duties as invigilators, preparation of question papers for examinations, evaluation of answer scripts and compilation of results is also part of teaching practice. 343 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Role of Supervisor in Teaching Practice Supervisor’s duty is not only to evaluate the lessons of teaching practice, but by using his/her all the abilities to make this experience (All the stages of teaching practice) result oriented. He/she should have got all the activities planned before hand. He/she should have meeting and conversion with teacher educators, experienced teachers of the institution, educationists, concerned school head teachers and other teachers. Introductory lectures should be arranged before the departure of student teachers to the practicing schools in order to aware the student teachers about the preparation of lesson plans and other assigned activities. During teaching practice it is the duty of supervisors to supervise their lessons, other assigned activities, guidance and counselling as well as provide the student teachers with feed back and to enable them so that they can criticize and reform themselves. During the teaching practice student teachers should not be criticized in front of the practicing school staff and students. If there is a need then all the student teachers should be gathered and should be scolded and warned without nominating and asking the name. Supervisors’ role is to prepare teachers for future, therefore he / she should act as a facilitator. Teaching Practice in Pakistan A variety of teacher training courses are being offered in Pakistan. In all the programmes teaching practice is compulsory component except M. Ed (Master of Education). In true spirit we can produce good teachers through this activity, but the procedure adopted in Pakistan is just to pass / kill the time. Teaching practice duration is very short; it is about 4 to 8 weeks or teaching of 60 to 75 lessons. During teaching practice student teachers are bound to the classrooms for teaching. They are not trained for the other activities performed in schools. Therefore, effective learning could not take place. Student teachers are bound to use easy principles and methods of teaching. They are just being taught how to start the lesson, how to control the class, how to keep an eye over the students while writing on the black / white board. 344 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Teaching practice is doing nothing to serve the purpose and is working on adhoc basis. Those schools in which teaching practice is being conducted are not taking active part in preparing the teachers for future but only tolerating this activity. The administration and teachers of the participating schools are not aware of the required information for evaluation techniques, which are to be used during teaching practice. They are not fully aware of the importance of teaching practice for student teachers and future generations. It is fact that student teachers are not ideal teachers and due to this fact practicing school teachers cannot give them full authority but at least they can trust them. Practically two behaviours are seen here in Pakistan. Firstly these uninvited guests are considered inferior teachers and criticized without any justification. Secondly some teachers transfer their all burden to them. In some teacher training institutions selection of lessons is kept up to the choice of student teachers and they select such lessons which are very easy and in which minimum audio visual aids are used. Research Questions 1. 2. 3. What are the issues and problems of teaching practice in Pakistan? How do the prospective teachers view the trends of teaching practice in Pakistan? How far does the Practice Teaching help the student teachers in anticipating the problems they might face in their professional lives? Research Methodology Population and Sampling The population of the study consisted of all the prospective teachers who are admitted to B. Ed programme in public sector institutions in four provinces of Pakistan. 650 prospective teachers were considered as the sample of the study. These students were selected from 26 teacher training institutions, 25 students from each institute. 345 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Research Tool Development and Data Collection Since the study was descriptive in nature, therefore, survey approach was considered appropriate to collect the data. For the purpose, a twenty seven item questionnaire was developed out of which seven had the option of â€Å"yes† and â€Å"No; while the remaining 20 items had three options as â€Å"Maximum†, â€Å"To some extent† and â€Å"Not at all†. Administration of Research Tool The questionnaires were administered on prospective teachers personally and responses were received. Data Analysis The data collected through questionnaire was terms of percentage and mean scores. coded and analyzed through SPSS XII in Findings Data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed in terms of percentage and mean score. The findings drawn out from the data analysis are given below. Table 1. I agree with the importance attached to practice teaching. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 87. 6% 12. 4% 569 No 81 650 Total Above table reveals that 87. 6% prospective teachers responded that they agree with the importance of teaching practice and 12. 4% responded in negative. 346 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Table 2. There is clarity of concepts before the actual process of teaching. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 487 No 163 650 74. 97% 25. 03% Total Above table reveals that 74. 7% prospective teachers reported that they have been given orientation before the start of teaching practice and 25. 03% reported in not. Table 3. The help extended by the Parent institution was quite appropriate. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 63. 54% 25. 46% 413 No 237 650 Total Above table shows 63. 54% respondents were in favour that department /institute extended help provided the criteria for the evaluation of the teaching practice and 25. 47% are not in favour. Table 4. It helps when you replicate the assessment and evaluation procedure adopted by your teachers during the theoretical sessions. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 65. 38% 34. 62% 425 No 225 650 Total 347 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Above table reveals that 69. 38% prospective teachers are in favour that they have been provided with the manual of rules and regulation regarding teaching practice and 34. 62% not reported in favour. Table 5. The school provided the necessary infrastructure and the attitude of the staff was encouraging. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 56% 44% 364 No 286 650 Total Above table reveals that 56% respondents have responded in favour that attitude of the staff was encouraging and 44% not responded in favour. Table 6. Peer co-operation develops critical thinking and polishes teaching skills. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 56. 46% 43. 54% 367 No 283 650 Total Above table shows that 56. 46% have reported that they have been provided with separate staff room in the practicing school during teaching practice and 43. 54% reported in negative. Table 7. The school staff often visits the classrooms and gives informative tips. Yes Number of Responses Percentage 54. 6% 45. 24% 348 No 294 Total 356 650 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Above table reveals that 54. 76% respondents are affirmative that the staff of practicing school is cooperative and 45. 24% are not affirmative. Table 8. Appropriate information in orientation about teaching practice. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 36. 92% 20. 76% 42. 30% 240 T o Some Extent 135 Not at All 275 650 1. 94 Total Mean Above table reveals that 36. 92%respondents responded for maximum, 20. 76% for to some extent and 42. 30% for not at all and mean score is 1. 4, which shows that appropriate information about teaching practice are mostly not given in orientation. Table 9. The school administration paid due consideration to my preferences while allocating the classes. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 48% 10. 30% 41. 69% 312 To Some Extent 67 Not at All 271 650 2. 06 Total Mean Above table reveals that 48% prospective teachers opted for maximum, 10. 30% for to some extent and 41. 69% for not at all and mean score is 2. 06, which supports that choice of prospective teachers are mostly not considered for assigning the lesson. Table 10. From the attitude of the school administration, I got a fair experience of how to organize a school. Maximum To Some Extent Not at All Total Mean Number of Responses Percentage 30. 15% 11. 07% 58. 76% 349 196 72 382 650 1. 71 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Above table reveals that 30. 15% respondents are in favour of maximum, 11. 07% in favour of to some extent and 58. 76% are in favour of not at all, the mean score is 1. 71 which supports that attitude of school administration do not provide a fair experience about the organization of school. Table11. There is a sufficient availability of Audio-Visual Aids. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 11. 05% 21. 56% 67. 38% 72 To Some Extent 140 Not at All 438 650 1. 44 Total Mean Above table shows that 11. 05% respondents opted for maximum, 21. 56% for to some extent and 67. 38% for not at all, the mean score is 1. 44. This shows that audio visual aids are not available in the practicing school. Table 12. The Supervisors were quite frequent in their visits to the schools. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 50. 92% 19. 69% 29. 38% 331 To Some Extent 128 Not at All 191 650 2. 21 Total Mean Above table reveals that 60. 92% respondents opted for maximum, 19. 69% for to some extent and 29. 38 %for not at all, the mean score is2. 21 which shows that mostly each lesson plan is checked and remarks are given by the supervisors. 350 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Table13. The supervisors regularly assessed the lesson plans before the start of the classes. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 37. 23% 39. 53% 23. 07% 242 To Some Extent 257 Not at All 150 650 2. 14 Total Mean Above table reveals that 37. 23% respondents opted for maximum, 39. 3% for to some extent and 23. 07% for not at all, the mean score is 2. 14. This shows that to some extent supervisors regularly assessed the lesson plans before the start of the classes. Table14. The supervisors visited the classes regularly. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 26. 50% 44. 61% 28. 92% 172 To Some Extent 290 Not at All 188 650 1. 98 Total Mean Above table reveals that 26. 50% re spondents opted for maximum, 44. 61% for to some extent and 28. 92% for not at all, the mean score is 1. 98. This shows that supervisor did not visit the classes regularly. Table15. The supervisors often discuss the ongoing teaching practice with the school administration. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 41. 69% 25. 84% 32. 46% 271 To Some Extent 168 Not at All 211 650 2. 09 Total Mean 351 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Above table reveals that 41. 69% respondents favoured for maximum, 25. 84% to some extent and 32. 46% not at all. The mean score is 2. 09, which show that supervisors often discuss the ongoing teaching practice with the school administration. Table16. Teaching practice scheduled is strictly followed. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 50% 25. 23% 24. 76% 325 To Some Extent 164 Not at All 161 650 2. 25 Total Mean Above table shows that 53. 06% respondents opted for maximum, 32. 65% to some extent and 14. 29 not at all. The mean score is 2. 39, which supports that mostly teaching practice scheduled is strictly followed. Table17. I got enough experience and knowledge of delivering the lessons and organizing the classes. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 35. 53% 40 % 24. 46% 231 To Some Extent 260 Not at All 159 650 1. 80 Total Mean Above table shows that 38. 3% respondents are in favour of maximum, 40% to some extent and 24. 46% to not at all. The mean score is 1. 80, which proves that mostly student teachers got enough experience and knowledge of delivering the lessons and organizing the classes. 352 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Table18. There were enough chances for development of awareness as far as Teaching Skills are concern ed Maximum To Some Extent Not at All Total Mean Number of Responses Percentage 64. 92% 22% 13. 07% 422 143 85 650 2. 58 Above table reveals that 64. 2% respondents opted for maximum, 22% for to some extent and 13. 07% for not at all. The mean score is 2. 58, which proves that mostly there were enough chances for development of awareness as far as teaching skills are concerned. Table19. Performance Assessment should take place during Teaching Practice. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 35. 23% 22. 30% 42. 46% 229 To Some Extent 145 Not at All 276 650 1. 92 Total Mean The above table reveals that 35. 23% respondents are in favour of maximum, 22. 30% in favour of to some extent and 32. 46% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 1. 2, which shows that the evaluation process for teaching practice is not satisfactory. Table 20. There was a possibility of shifting the Methods from one to the other during the classes Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 22% 50% 28% 353 To Some Ex tent 325 Not at All 182 Total Mean 143 650 2. 05 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Above table shows that 22% respondents are in favour of maximum, 50% to some extent and 28% not at all. The mean score is 2. 05; this shows that all the teaching methods and techniques studied theoretically were applied practically to some extent. Table 21. There is a need to improve the quality of teaching practice to meet the latest challenges. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 62. 61% 18. 15% 19. 23% 407 To Some Extent 118 Not at All 125 650 2. 43 Total Mean Above table shows that 62. 61% respondents opted for maximum, 18. 15% for to some extent and 19. 23% for not at all. The mean score is 2. 43, which shows that there is a dire need to improve the quality of teaching practice to meet the latest challenges. Table 22. There was an opportunity after the teaching practice to discuss the problems with the teachers and give suggestions Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 19. 3% 18. 15% 62. 61% 125 To Some Extent 118 Not at All 407 650 1. 56 Total Mean Above table indicates that 19. 23% respondents are in favour of maximum, 18. 15% are in favour of to some extent and 62. 61% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 1. 56, this shows that there was not an opportunity after the teaching practice to discuss the problems with the te achers and give suggestions. 354 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Table 23. Given the choice, I shall change the techniques and methods I had employed during teaching practice. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 46. 15% 19. 23% 34. 61% 300 To Some Extent 125 Not at All 225 650 2. 11 Total Mean Above table indicates that 46. 15% respondents are in favour of maximum, 19. 23% are in favour of to some extent and 34. 61% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 2. 11, which shows that mostly students used different methods and techniques during teaching practice. Table 24. More time should be devoted to preparing teachers before teaching practice starts. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 64. 61% 30. 76% 4. 61% 420 To Some Extent 200 Not at All 30 650 2. 0 Total Mean Above table indicates that 64. 61% respondents are in favour of maximum, 30. 76% are in favour of to some extent and 4. 61% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 2. 60, which shows that students are strongly of the view that more time should be devoted to preparing teachers before teaching practice starts. 355 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Ta ble 25. The student teachers should be allowed to sit in each other’s classes to observe strengths and weaknesses. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 65. 53% 24. 92% 9. 3% 426 To Some Extent 162 Not at All 62 650 2. 56 Total Mean Above table indicates that 65. 53% respondents are in favour of maximum, 24. 92% are in favour of to some extent and 9. 53% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 2. 56, which shows that students are strongly of the view that student teachers should be allowed to sit in each other’s classes to observe strengths and weaknesses. Table 26. I had the availability of all the instructional material that I needed. Maximum Number of Responses Percentage 30. 76% 11. 53% 57. 69% 200 To Some Extent 75 Not at All 375 650 1. 73 Total Mean Above table indicates that 30. 76% respondents are in favour of maximum, 11. 53% are in favour of to some extent and 57. 69% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 1. 73, which shows that students did not have the availability of all the instructional material that they needed. Table 27. Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of teaching practice as conducted in Pakistan. Maximum To Some Extent Not at All Total Mean Number of Responses Percentage 26. 92% 19. 23% 53. 84% 175 125 350 650 1. 73 356 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 Above table indicates that 26. 2% respondents are in favour of maximum, 19. 23% are in favour of to some extent and 53. 84% in favour of not at all. The mean score is 1. 73, which shows that students are not satisfied with the quality of teaching practice as conducted in Pakistan. Discussion Teaching practice is a compulsory component in teacher training programme, but some respondents were denied to have it, one possible reason might be that their institution did not send them for the purpose. Government of Pakistan (2003) states that quality education requires motivated and competent teachers at all levels. Teaching practice is a segment, which provides opportunity to prospective teachers; apply theoretical knowledge practically in real situation. The importance of teaching practice is not recognized practically in the teacher training institutions of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan (1998) accepted that the existing teacher education programme as considered is not being adequately responsive to the demands for quality in the school system. Objective, manual, orientation, rules and regulation of teaching practice are neither prepared nor supplied properly. These are prepared in few institutions but not supplied to all concerned person of the teaching practice. Rashid (1999) quoted that an objective is more specific and describes definite activities. Application of all methods and techniques are very essential for quality training, developing confidence, competency and skills, which are helpful in transfer of learning and knowledge comprehensively. But in prevailing situation teaching practice is based on conventional style. There is no use of latest techniques; the departments/ institutions are also not providing A V aids and other helping material. The role of supervisors in the teaching practice is very rare. The supervisors do not provide proper guidance. Supervisors are seen over loaded and sufficient facilities and incentives are also not being provided by the departments/institutions. Issani and Virk (2004) describe that due to lack of adequate training facilities for university teachers the present position of teacher with proper professional competencies and training is alarming low. 357 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa Evaluation and assessment criteria is also very formal like satisfactory, unsatisfactory, good, very good or marks % etc. during evaluation all the aspects of teaching skills are not being considered. The segment of teaching practice in teacher training institution is not considered seriously. Modern techniques are neither supplied nor applied. Rafaquat (2002) quoted that mostly the teacher training institution are following lecture methods. It is recommended to adopt modern and better teaching training methodology like demonstration, discovery or participation methods to attain qualitative improvement. The duration of teacher training should be lengthened to develop favourable attitudes of prospective teachers towards teaching profession. It is need of the new trends of education to improve the quality of teaching practice. New inventions demand that teachers must be well trained, having latest knowledge and be able to apply the new approaches with latest technology. Quality of education and implementation of all policies and plans are depended upon the motivated and quality based teachers. Duration of teaching practice is short. It is not up to the international standard. Farooq (1990) who has pointed out short duration of teacher training programme as compared with the developed countries. Rafaquat (2002) who reported that the duration of teaching practice of teaching may be increased according to the programme of training. The quality of teaching practice may be improved by providing adequate human: physical resources and special consideration must be given to the practical components of teacher training programme for producing quality teachers. Conclusions Teaching practice is an activity, which can play an important role in preparing teachers for future challenges in a classroom. Its effectiveness for the nation is beyond any doubt. It is a milestone for professional adolescence. It is a fuel for an endless journey and a combination of personality, professional skills, knowledge and training. Now it is the duty/responsibility of teacher educators and teachers of practicing schools to make this fuel endless. Brief conclusions on the basis of the findings are as follows. Most of the respondents agreed that manual of rules and regulations of teaching practice were not provided to the 358 International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2010, 2(2), 339-361 rospective teachers before going to practicing schools. The supervisors neither indicated shortcomings in the lesson plan nor did they assess practically each lesson of the prospective teachers on daily basis. Objectives of teaching practice were not prepared properly and supplied to all the concerned in writing. Before commencing the teaching practice, orientation was not given to prospective teachers and the concerned staff, where they could be able to share the ambiguities regarding procedure, manual and evaluation process. Time table/schedule of the teaching practice was strictly followed by the departments/institutions but evaluation and supervision criteria were not up to the mark. The interest and choices of the prospective teachers were not considered while assigning the period and timetable during the teaching practice. Feedback from the participating school, administration, supervisors and prospective teachers was not taken so the practice could not play an effective role to develop confidence, vision and competency in the prospective teachers. Recommendations Rules and regulations of teaching practice should be defined by the institutions before the student teachers go for teaching practice. It will not only help the student teachers but also the supervisors to achieve the predefined targets. Specific teachers should be appointed by the concerning departments to observe teaching of student teachers so that they may stay whole day in school to check the activities of the students and comment honestly. Orientations should be given to the student teachers before teaching practice so prepare them mentally for the challenges coming in their way during teaching practice. Teaching practice should be given proper weight age. Students should be informed before hand the process of evaluation of teaching practice so that the teacher students may try their best to improve their performance consciously. It seems that student teachers are not satisfied with their time table and periods during their teaching practice. Institutions should properly contact schools before starting teaching practice and set their time table according to students’ choice other wise students should be prepared accordingly. It would be a good practice if institutions develop permanent sort of links with some specific schools to adjust their students instead of selecting schools haphazardly to improve this 359 Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Bushra Naoreen Saifullah SAIFI Muhammad Jamil Bajwa practice and to make it more effective. School administration can be cooperative if it finds some kind of incentive in it for their school otherwise it might think that student teachers are there only to disturb the school. Feedback from student teachers regarding the problems faced by them in schools should be considered important to improve the practice for next time. Institutions should try to fill the gap between theory and practice because some times the situation in schools is different to that taught to the students in theory so to save the student teachers from any sort of bewilderment. References Akbar, R. A. (2002). A study of Teaching practice of Prospective Secondary School Teachers and Development of a Teaching practice Model, Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Ali Murtaza, (2005). Comparative Study of Practice Teaching in Formal and Non formal Systems and Development of a Model, Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Brwn, P. D. Brown N. R. (1990). 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